Uthman ibn Affan (May Allah be pleased with him)

Third caliph, husband successively of Ruqayyah and Umm Kulthum and commissioner of standard Quran copies.

Uthman belonged to Quraysh’s Banu Umayyah and was an early Muslim, known in biography for commerce and generosity.

He is associated with migration to Abyssinia and Madinah; Dhu al-Nurayn refers to his successive marriages to two daughters of the Prophet.

He married Ruqayyah, then Umm Kulthum after her death, not both sisters simultaneously.

Bukhari 3698 explains his absence from Badr to nurse the Prophet’s sick daughter, with a share and reward granted.

His caliphate is conventionally dated 23–35 AH. Concern about recitation disputes prompted his copying project.

Using Hafsah’s sheets, a committee including Zayd ibn Thabit prepared copies, as detailed in Bukhari 4987.

The project standardized dissemination of the preserved Quran, not authorship of a new Quran.

Tirmidhi 3747 records his promised Paradise; administrative controversies and personal virtues are distinct subjects.

He was killed during the siege in Madinah in 35 AH, a major episode of the first civil crisis.

Reports about participants’ motives vary in quality; his life and the history of his killing are distinct subjects.